Radium — toxicity, side effects, diseases and environmental impacts

Radium is a radioactive element that has an abundance of around one part per trillion in the Earth’s crust, making it the 84th most abundant element on Earth, according to Chemicool.com. During its earlier days, radium was used in everyday products such as toothpaste and wristwatches until scientists found out about its intense radioactivity.

Uranium ore contains trace amounts of radium, as radium comes from the decay of the uranium atom. Radium has the atomic number 88, the atomic symbol Ra, the atomic weight 226, and is solid in material form. Its melting point is at 1,292 degrees Fahrenheit (700 degrees Celsius) and its boiling point is at 2,084 degrees Fahrenheit (1,140 degrees Celsius).

According to New World Encyclopedia, Polish and French chemists Marie and Pierre Curie discovered radium in 1898 by studying pitchblende (a type of uranium ore) found in Bohemia (what is now known as the Czech Republic). Upon removing uranium from the ore, the chemists found that the remains were still radioactive. The radioactive parts were removed and studied; they were identified as barium with an unknown element.

Dutch historian Peter van der Krogt said the unknown element was named for the Latin word “radius” or “ray” because the radiation that came out of the new element was around three million times higher than the radiation from uranium. According to the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Curies extracted around one milligram of radium from almost 10 tons of pitchblende.

French chemist Andre Debierne and Marie Curie isolated pure radium in 1902. According to Time, radium E, also known as bismuth-210, was the first synthetic radioactive element that was made synthetically by scientists at the University of California.

Radiu is considered the heaviest alkaline earth metal. Other alkaline earth metals include beryllium, barium, calcium, magnesium, and strontium. Radium changes its color from silvery white to black when it gets exposed to the air due to oxidation.

List of known side effects

Radium can enter the body when it is inhaled or ingested. It is said to have cancer-causing abilities and can cause anemia. Too much exposure to radium can be fatal to the exposed.

Body systems affected by radium

Radium is toxic to the ocular system. It can immediately cause the emergence of cataracts.

Items that can contain radium

Radium has been found to be inside uranium ores.

During the early years of its discovery, radium was used to paint the numbers and hands in clocks so that they glow in the dark. This practice immediately stopped after many workers in the plants that manufactured such items died from radiation exposure.

How to avoid radium

Of course, the main consideration in terms of distancing yourself from radium is to simply not expose yourself to the chemical at all. If it cannot be helped, wear protective clothing when handling it. If radium comes into contact with fire, use graphite, powdered sodium chloride, soda ash, or suitable dry powder to extinguish the fire. Do not use water to do so.

Where to learn more

• Legacy radium continues to contaminate U.S. cities, costing millions in clean-up and healthcare costs
• Fracking is now leaving American rivers tainted with a toxic cocktail of Radium and Lead
• Hidden history: Energy drinks used to contain radioactive elements, were sold with claims of boosting performance
• How to Best Guard Your Health in a Fukushima Radiation World
• Radioactive Kitchen Countertops

Summary

Radium can enter the body when it is inhaled or ingested.

Too much exposure to radium can be fatal to the exposed.

Radium is toxic to the ocular system.

Sources include:

LiveScience.com

PubChem.NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov